May
26, 1918
Dear Family,
Oh, things are so different over here than they appear to be from the far perspective
of Rochester or even New York
Mother, you may remember an article by Margaret DeLand quoted in the Post Express
and very bitter on the subject of girls coming to France to work, saying that
their motives were not worthy ones and that they were not useful after they
came. It made me made and I remember you were angry over it
..when I came
over here and saw Mary Jennings, she said Margaret DeLand was in the Y.M. and
bitter about girls.
The other day, we were in Marys YMCA post office with one or two men and
eating chocolates and rather giggling when an unassuming old lady came to where
Mary (was). Then Mary got up and said I am going now. As we were
calling on her we thought that was queer but we trailed out after her. And she
told us outside that that was Margaret DeLand. She had tactfully gotten us out
of there before we could do more to confirm Mrs. DeLands ideas of girls
in France.
With love,
Esther
P.S. This letter is not the kind that one lets other people read. It is
not newsy and is gossipy and not to my credit. Therefore keep it in the bosom
of the family and be bored as you like with it.

Esther
Steele
Image thanks to the Rochester Historical Society
Pension Galilee, Paris June 4, 1918
Dear Family,
My rotten type-writing has doubtless irritated you before this so I wont waste
space in apologysing (sic). Even if I am rotten I greatly enjoy using the thing.
Fletcher says I could get 200 dollars for it anytime here but I like it too
well myself to part with it.
I can easily imagine the sensational head-lines in the papers at homeespecially
the Times Unionabout events here in France. Of course about the Drive
you know a great deal more than we do. We do know that the Germans are in the
neighborhood of the Marne but it is astonishing how little real horror that
occasions in the people right here on the spot. In the former battle of the
Marne I used to imagine vividly the consternation of Paris and the crowds of
people evacuating the city with Lares and Penates tied up in sheets, trudging
along on foot and weeping and wailing in true refugee style. Instead of that
the restaurants are still gay, the shops are fullnobody mentions the evacuation
of Paris except a few hysterical Americans. Like the giraffe, there aint
no such animal.
Raids are the simplest little things you ever knew and I am in a position to
know because we have had a great collection of them in the last 2 weeksevery
night but one for 11 or 12 nights. Only a few of these are worthy of the namesome
are almost false alarms and I regret to say that I slept through the most spectacular
and most noisy one that we have had yet. Fletcher said he did the same. Evelyn
and Mary were on night duty out at the hospital and they said it was a wonderful
sight. Search lights and shrapnel lighting the sky above the city for an hour
or so. The sick boys at the hospitalall from the trenches, some of them
directly and others after stops in other hospitalsare too funny about
the raids here in Paris. They never cease to grumble about the siren that gives
the alarm, saying that they can stand anything up in the lineshrapnel,
barrage and all other noisy and death-dealing devicesbut they cannot sleep
through an alert in Paris. It is an alarming sound but I am getting acclimated.
June 24, 1918
I had forgotten how big and strapping American are. They are splendid physical
specimens but hard to move in bed and splendid swearers too when they come out
from under ether. They groan when they see the French wine pitcher coming but
hail the milk pitcher with cheers. It is wonderful to be taking care of our
own boys.
une 27, 1918 5 Rue St.
Louis
Dear Family,
I spend a great deal of time reflecting on the impressions of the War gained
by different people under different conditions. And I cannot decide which gives
one the truest impressionthe distorted and sensational headlines and elaborations
of the American papers combined with imaginative conceptions of those who are
not on the actual scene; or the calm and retrained news in the papers here and
the stories of the wounded and other people right down from the front lines.
A head line in the Times Union that the Crown Princes Army is marching
into Cantigny is a thousand times more terrifying than the tale of a wounded
American soldier suffering from shell shock from the concussion of a shell that
got his pals, who helped hold the line against the Crown Prince
at Cantigny and who you feel will contest every foot of German advance until
it is too late for the boche to profit by whatever temporary advantage he may
have at present.
A wounded Marine suffering from shell shock, with round eyes staring as they
always are in that condition and extremely nervous so that he talked all the
time, told me that very thing in regard to the front line trenches. He was telling
me all about a certain famous battle which Ill bet drew whole front page
head lines at home (and deserved them too) and finally he said reflectively
It sounds pretty bad when you talk about it here away from the line. But
when you are up there it is not so bad. Fellows sit around talking just as they
do here and its all part of the game. I have a feeling I have written
you this incident before but it made a great impression on me. It seemed queer
to me at first that every man who came down from the front did not have some
mark about him to show what he had been through. I thought he ought to look
differently from other ordinary mortals and act differently. But he does notthat
is, the regular man on the line. We all know of cases where great changes have
taken place. For the most part it seems to simplify their philosophy of life
and death and pleasures and such things.
June 29, 1918
Bath day on Wards A & B and it is funny to see what a party the men make
of it. Everything they do is a party. The men are French on these particular
wards
all the agile ones help the helpless and there is much nakedness
and much scrubbing with jokes and laughter. They always wash their feet first
July 14, 1918
We had a wonderful party on the Ward in the afternoon. All the blesse who could
came in from other wards and all the nurses and doctors. We play games and sang
and shouted together. Dr. Osmun played his mouth organ for us to march to in
Musical Chairs until he almost dropped with exhaustion and in Going to Jerusalem
Gustav won the prize after a close contest with Helen. When we formed a circle
there was a great crowdAmericans, English and French, doctors, nurses
and orderlies, amputees and cripples with casts and slings and crutches. I never
had such a good time.
Then Renaud, flat on his back, played the Star Spangled Banner on his flute
and we all sang with him. Then the Marseillaise and how they did sing, all the
bed cases lifting up their heads to shoutFrancis, Grandpere with his leg
amputated way above the knee, Bebe who has the Croix de Guerre, and all the
others, shabby, child like and gay, these brave soldiers of France.
In the evening we had a perfect supper party at the Nurses Home for the
Canadian officers, playing games afterward and later dancing and it was gay
with Headquarters Red Braid and candle-light and flowers and everybody dressed
up. Past midnight when we were singing someone called, Come out and hear
the guns! We went out into the court. There was a great throb and thunder
of bombardment, a horrible and in a way a magnificent roll of sound, a steady
roar of tremendous magnitude. We went back sobered to the house and sang our
national anthems, French, English, American and O Canada, then joined in a circle
and did Auld Lang Syne, marching around. Then good-nights. A few
of us stayed in the garden for a while in the moonlight to listen to that dreadful
surge to the northeast. All night long it continued and nobody slept much.
August 1, 1918
As Mary and I passed the billet for Canadian privates today on our way to work
we looked through the red curtains of the open kitchen window to see what we
could see. Then we stopped and leaned on our elbows on the window sill. For
on a table well out of reach were 12 delicious looking pies. As we were leaving
with a sigh, a Canadian came up behind us on the street, grinned when he saw
the objects of our admiration and stole us a pie! We hid it under Marys
cape and went on our way rejoicing.
August
8, 1918 ![]()
The guns never stop. I spent my time off in the garden and there was a constant
rumble and thump off in the northeast like the stamping of mammoth horses in
a great stable or the slamming of gigantic doors.
-- Esther Steele
Vancouver April 10, 1918
Well, I am a real soldier now and training every day. We have been training
for the last two weeks and we go on an all night hike tomorrow night. Training
at present is mostly marching and gun practice. A little later we will go on
the rifle range.
-- Private William Elbert Carr, 318th Engineers
Ft. Hancock, NY March 18, 1918
Dear Polly,
Everything at the fort is the same as I left it. I was in bed at 10 p.m. last
night and I missed my dolly at my side. But never mind, pet. When this war is
over, we will make up for lost time and will never separate from one another.
Well, dolly, take good care of yourself and take in some good shows and dont
sit home and worry as you know worry wont bring you anything.
March 19, 1918
John and I was to the show last night and they had a couple of would be actors
and actresses. They were so punk that the boys just had to laugh at them. The
guys were saying that if they couldnt bring anything better than that
around here then they should bring nothing.
Fort Hancock May 6
When I got in the barracks, Joe Goldstein was still awake and he says well,
Henry, I was waiting for you. Did you bring anything good to eat and I said
sure and I opened the box that ma sent and it contained those mondel cookies
that ma makes and a large box of assorted chocolate covered nuts from the Asters
and a box of the large jumbo bleached salted peanuts from Sibleys.
July 14, 1918
Our company was paid this morning and all the boys are rich again. They certainly
do like the bugler when he blows pay call and thats about the only time
they do like him as when he blows other times, it means wake up
work or call to quarters which means go to bed.
July 27, 1918
The boys are playing the Victrola now. We got some new records from the YMCA
yesterday and we play them all week and when we return them we get new ones.
Some of the records we have here I heard home and it makes me home sick when
I hear them but if the allies keep up the good work they have been doing the
last couple of weeks I think it wont take very long before we will be back home.
Monday August 19, 1918
Joe Goldstein received a bunch of Rochester papers today so I will get a little
home news from them. It looks good to see a Rochester paper again even if its
a couple of weeks old.
Saturday morning I was sitting in front of my tent whistling the song Sweetheart
from Maytime when I received your mail and in one of your letters
you wrote that you bought the record by the same name. Now isnt that strange
that I should be whistling the song when I received your letter?
Sunday August 25, 1918 (near one of Frances largest cities)
Max Meltzer and I had dinner at the YMCA after which we went out to look
the town over
..walking along one of their main streets, we came
across a Jewish temple. It is a large building built of white cut stone with
a large court in front. We walked in the place and met the janitor who showed
us through the place. I was never more surprised in my life when I walked inside
and saw how beautiful it was. It has a large auditorium and balcony and marble
stairs leading to the oran kodash. The janitor who is also Jewish opened the
oran kodash for us and in it was 12 cit-a-tor-ahs just like the ones we have
in our shool. They have a large bim-me in the center of the temple for the cantor
and his choir and they also have a beautiful large organ. It certainly is a
nifty place all the way through. The rabbi of the temple whose name is Schwartz
is out of town
we were told by the janitor that the rabbi wants
all the Jewish soldiers to come there for the holiday and we promised we would
if we could get off. He will see that we will be taken care of. Each member
will take one or more soldiers to their homes for meals, etc. I think that is
very nice of them. The rabbi speaks English and Jewish.
October 17, 1918
Dear Polly,
I received your letters and also the pictures you sent me
..you certainly
are getting fat from the looks of the picture.
-- Private Henry Nievert, 57th Artillery C.A.C. supply company
March 26, 1918
Dear Sister,
Received your letter also the handkerchiefs and candy before I left Camp Devens
and the calendar you sent is just what I wanted.
John Knapp was in the same company with me in Camp Devens, also all the other
Rochester fellows but down here we are all mixed up. I am in the military police
now and start to do duty tomorrow.
Tell Hilda that I am waiting for that box of bull she is going to send, tell
her to fill the box right up because it makes such a delicious desert fried
and smothered with onions. The feed down here is fine, get some kind of pudding
with every meal, get beans about once a week.
With best wishes to all
From August
Somewhere in France
July 8, 1918
Dear Sister,
I thought I wrote home and told you I was not sea sick on the way over. I was
on the same boat with Joe Becker, he died 2 days before we landed and was buried
at sea.
The German artillery is firing at us very day but they have not hit us as yet.
We got some good cooks in our company. We have flapjacks about three times a
week for breakfast and a lot of beef stew for dinner and we still have some
kind of pudding every day, mostly rice pudding.with raisins in it.
Well, I will have to close as we are going to move tonight and I want to get
a few hours sleep.
From your brother
August
August
3, 1918
Dear Sister Mary
We are moving to a different section of the country now, hiking nights 18 to
20 miles with a pack on our backs that weighs about 80 pounds. You are mistaken
if you think I have not been up to the front. We were in the trenches three
weeks in the Alsace Lorraine sector.
I dont know where we are going. The officers dont tell us but I
know pretty near all the roads in France I have done so much hiking. I had a
train ride for two days before we were in the trenches and I think we are going
to have another one.
They have a lot of old buildings in France. I was in a bunch that was built
in 1650 and there are a lot of barns and houses that are from 100 to 200 years
old.
We are having fine weather over here for the last two months but at night when
a fellow is on guard it is chilly and we all wore overcoats until a week ago
when they took them away from us and some of the boys are wishing they still
had them. I got to go on guard tonight. Guess what I am going to guard? A bar-saloon.
The water over here is not very good so we are allowed to drink beer and wine
and every time we get to a town we are only in it a few hours before the town
goes dry. They cant make it fast enough for us.
From your brother
August

August 25, 1918
Dear Sister,
The towns we are near now are all shelled to pieces and we dont get time
to go to church. Last Sunday we were digging trenches and I am writing this
letter during the time they give us for a little rest between digging. We got
a priest who travels with our regiment but he cant be with all the companies
on Sunday. Before we went to the front he gave us general absolution and most
of the boys went to communion. I went and now we have to go to confession as
soon as we get the chance but the chance has not come yet and three weeks have
passed already.
The German people are all sick of the war. We captured a German while up at
this front and he says they are all ready to quit but the money men keep them
going. They are being beaten all along the front and are tickled to death if
they get captured. The one we captured was just back from a two week furlough
but he said hes got a better one now and wanted to know if we were going
to send him to America.
Juzencourt, France
January 15, 1919
Dear Sister Mary,
I wish I was in Heckens boots and was discharged. I am sick of this job but
cannot quit and now that I am a corporal I am getting disgusted with it more
every day. A fellow has to take too much hell. If one of the fellows in his
squad does something wrong, the corporal gets called for it. I wish I was a
private again.
January 27, 1919
Juzencourt, France
Dear Sister Mary,
We get regular meals now that we are away from the front but I could eat more
a lot of times. I went hungry a lot of days when the war was on, some days only
one meal and that a cold one. We went sometimes for 2 and 3 weeks without a
hot meal. One day they handed me a biscuit and said there is your dinner.
-- August Roesser

Pfc. Henry Cornelius and Marie OKeefe
August 21, 1917
My Dear Henry,
I hope these few lines find you well and happy, just as happy as you were when
I saw you Saturday and as you were all day Sunday. We are well here. I hope
you and Bill dont see the guard house for being late Sunday or maybe you
werent late.
I felt so sorry for Charlie after the train pulled out. He cried so hard, I
thought his heart would break and when Emma saw him cry she began and then that
made Margaret feel bad and she started. I had some bunch on my hands. I kept
up the best I could and I guess some of them, especially Margaret have the idea
that I do not miss you just because I didnt cry but I think my heart was
too near broken to cry but I thought if I could cry I would feel better, but
tears would not come until Monday noon when I was in church, but I think those
were tears of joy and thanksgiving not of sorry, because I was thinking of you
and your going to Confession and Holy Communion. You dont know how happy
I was Sunday morning. No one does except myself. All my prayers for the last
two years were answered. May God bless you for doing it and I am sure He will
do it, dear. My prayers from now on will be in thanksgiving, also for your safe
return to us and that you will be a good boy. Try to be and I am sure you will.
Take any good advice given you and keep out of bad company for you know that
is the worst thing of all. Say your prayers each morning and night and before
going to sleep ask God to forgive you any sins you may have committed and then
if anything should happen (but I am praying nothing will) you will be prepared.
Dont think I am lecturing you or bawling you out for I am not but these
thoughts came to my mind and I had to express them. God bless you and take care
of you is my only wish.
Loads of love and kisses from Marie to her soldier boy.
Marie.
P.S. Some parts of your letters are very sad but the postscript you put on the
last one nearly broke my heart. Dont you ever think I will forget you
for I wont. If you think of me one half as many times as I think of you I will
be real happy. There is not an hour of the day passes without a thought of you
and sometimes a prayer for your safe return to your Marie.
October 25th, 1917
My Dear Henry
I havent much news for you this time but I hope these few lines find you well
and happy and that you are enjoying yourself. Everyone here is fine. The weather
here has been pretty good up to this week and it has rained every day since
Monday. We had snow twice, once on Columbus Day and once on Friday of last week
but neither times very bad.
Our Red Cross work is coming along fine. It is very surprising all the work
that is being done. The Second Liberty Loan is going through fine. John took
up a bond and I am thinking of taking one also. If all the money that has been
and is being raised and all our brave boys who are fighting or training to fight
does not win this war for us I cannot see what will but I feel sure we will
win and win bravely. Keep well and be a good boy and we will all see you back
with us again soon.
Say, have you found a little French sweetheart as yet, or am I your little French
girl as you said the day we were in Syracuse. Ha Ha.
Again closing with lots of best love, luck and kisses from Your Little French
Girl with an Irish name.

Henry and Marie
November 17, 1917
Oh say I came near forgetting it. Sufferage won in New York State on Election
Day. Just think, we vote next Spring. It doesnt interest me very much.
Edgerton was re-elected Mayor and the rest of the bunch wouldnt interest
you a whole lot. You always said I was boss so now I am since Votes for
Women has been passed. Ha Ha.
December 15, 1917
I could not help writing you these few lines today. Do you remember what the
15th of the month is? Five months ago today you left Rochester and I am praying
real hard that in five more months we will see you back safe in Rochester again.
I have a new hobby since you left and I bet you cant guess what it is. I am
saving all the war pictures I get either from newspapers or magazines and I
have over a hundred of them. I am also saving patriotic poetry and I have a
few pieces which appeal to me greatly. One is Soldiers come Back Clean
which so nicely describes the dangers to mind and soul and asks our boys to
be real good boys and comeback to us so.
Here is something else which might interest you. 494 of Rochester boys left
today in the draft. Just think about _ thousand. They left in three divisions.
The boys go to Fort Hancock somewhere in New Jersey. Our chauffeur at the office
left with them.
At present we are having a Red Cross campaign here. I dont know just how
much they have to get but I hope they get it all. I know they got my dollar
for it goes for a good purpose.
Say I hear a lot of the French girls. Give me a good idea of them will you.
I suppose you have found a lot of them by not, or maybe not.
Well, dear I guess I better close or the censor of this letter may get angry
at reading so much. Write me whenever you get a chance as your loving letters
help to cheer me up. Will now close with loads of best love, luck and kisses
from Little (BIG) Marie. P.S. What do you think? Everyone tells me I am getting
fleshy. I cant believe it, but maybe I am. I hope so at least.

Marie OKeefe
January 19, 1918
My Dear Henry,
Here are a few more lines from Rochester. Hope they find you real well, the
same as I am. Everything in Rochester is about the same, only we are still without
much sugar, and are now without coal. All the factories have shut down for 5
days starting Friday A.M. the 18th and opening again Wednesday A.M. the 23rd
and then everyplace, stores, and all are to close each Monday for ten weeks,
just think to save coal.
Sunday, oh it was so slippery, the walks were just like glass and the wind blew
terribly. After dinner Sabina and I went down to the hall to set the tables
for the banquet the club boys gave Gus. After supper we went back again and
I wish you could have seen the dining room, all American flags, etc. the center
table represented the Army and Navy, with a tent, ambulance, submarine, gun
and Red Cross nurse, of course these were only toys, and places were draped
with flags for the other nine boys who are in service. We had dancing, singing,
etc. but I didnt dance for I was too tired. Everything was fine but I
suppose I hadnt ought be telling you all this for it may give you the blues
but never mind when you come back I will see that you have just as good a time
as anyone else and maybe a better time, what do you say.
I was over to see Grandma and Aunt Sarah at night and they were also asking
for you even though they dont know you. Grandma says she hopes you find
the Kaiser and if you do to bring him back to her.
April 6, 1918
My Dear Henry
Your aunt went to a meeting so the three of us had supper together and after
supper Celestes beau called her up and said he was coming down but she
told him we were going to the movies----one thing Ill tell you I did not
enjoy the pictures in the least. They were terrible. The Zeppelins
Raid was the name of it and if war is really what that picture showed
I certainly ask God to put an end to it real soon and bring Peace to the world.
You may think I am foolish but I cried for fully a half hour and I dont
know when I cried so much. I nearly broke my heart
May 29, 1918
Hello there Henry,
After supper I was telling my fortune and the cards said I would get a letter
and some good news soon, and believe me when your letter of April 17th came
to me yesterday the 28th it was good news.
Now I cant tell you how happy I was when I got it. The mail man handed me the
office mail and said here is one for you from Over There and I could
hardly believe him for I came near giving up hopes of getting any more as it
was nine weeks ago and a day since your last letter came. I sat down at my desk
and to tell you the truth was afraid to open the letter but just the same I
did and was so glad to hear you are so well and I assure you we are all well
too. I am also so happy to know that you were on the firing line and that you
came back safe.

Henry and Marie
November
13, 1918![]()
My Dear Henry,
Well, here is the excitement I was going to tell you that happened on the date
of your last letter November 7th. About one oclock in the afternoon an
EXTRA came out that PEACE was DECLARED and you should have seen this town. The
news spread like fire and before 2 oclock every place in town was closed
up and Main Street a wonderful show of people, parades, bands, noise and everything
imaginable. It came so suddenly it was hardly believable. I went back to the
office after lunch and watched the crowds from the window until I could get
a car home. Well, just before going to bed Dad came home and said he heard that
the news of Peace was a fake. That of course took all the good out of us.
Well, the next morning, Friday the 8th, the truth came out. The papers were
published and believe me Rochester was a real disappointed place. Business went
on as usual but we all felt the end of the war was near.
John wanted to bet with me that Germany wouldnt sign the Armistice but
I didnt like to take him up for you know those Dm Germans maybe
wouldnt have and Id have lost my money but at 4:15 A.M. Monday morning
I was sorry I didnt take him up for the news that the Germans had given
up struck town. This time it wasnt a fake. I woke up and heard the whistles
and bells and thought it was 6 oclock. I didnt hear Dad around and
was just going to call him when the woman next door hollered Hurrah and with
all the doors and windows closed it sounded like Help. Mother heard it the same
time I did and we both jumped out of bed, thinking her house was on fire or
something but when we opened the door, she hollered Hurrah again and with all
the noise we knew that the end of the war had come at last and that all our
prayers were answered.
-- Marie OKeefe to her beau, Pfc. Henry Cornelius

July
3, 1918
My Dear Mother and Father,
These days are the most vivid and eventful ones Ive ever experienced,
of course
think of the most exciting moment in your life and multiply
it by 1000 and you see what I have every moment of the day.
Our nerves get rather unstrung at times. This savage game is quite a box in
the ear. The nearer a man is related to a brute, the better he stands this game.
(Penny was killed just a few weeks later)
-- Vernon Penny
September
9, 1918
Mr. George Penny, Rochester, NY
My dear Mr. Penny,
I am taking the liberty of writing you, as from the NY times yesterday, I noticed
an account of the death of Vernon Kellogg Penny.
My son, Harry D. Pixley, is Lieutenant in Headquarters of the 27th Division
and at present is detailed at the nearest railhead to the 27th Division.
Apparently, your son was in that same company as I had a letter late last week
giving me an account of your sons death. I am giving you below a copy
of what he had to say. My sons letter reads in part
As I am away now from the town when the bomb struck pretty near to us, I can
tell you about Vernon Penny being killed. He was one of my motor drivers. The
Captain and another Lt. came into town in the car and got out of it by my billet
at 12 a.m. and then Vernon drove it into an alley 4 houses below mine. The two
officers woke me up
.just then we heard the sizzling of the bomb.
The Captain pushed Peppard into the hall and followed. They no more than got
inside when I was thrown up against the door jam going into my rooms, the Captain
thrown to the floor and Peppard hit in the head by a flying door panel.
The house had the entire roof torn off and every window blown out. All this
was from concussion and the houses around us fared the same.
I was barefoot and in my pajamas with a steel helmet on. You can imagine my
looks
then my orderly came in terrified, saying the place he
lived in was destroyed and the car ruined. Not seeing Penny with him I ran down
the street with the Captain and we found the house where we messed in ruins
and the car a complete wreck. In front of it 5 feet away two bomb holes big
enough to bury the car. I looked under the car and in the debris but finally
found Vernon about 20 feet away in the cool green grass, lying silent. He never
knew what pain was. He certainly did his duty and his mother should be proud
to think she had a soldier ready to do his duty for his country. Just before
I left town I went out with a sergeant and planted some flowers (annuals) on
his grave. It was the only thing I could do.
(Vernon Penny, East High graduate, died July 24, 1918 at Arneke, France from
the effects of a bomb that had been dropped by a German plane)
-- George Pixley of Utica
November
5th, 1918
To Commanding Officer, Base Hospital 13, American Expeditionary Force
Dear Sir,
I am writing to inquire about the condition of my son, Private John E. Harmon,
Company C, Sixth Engineers. He was injured July 16th and has been in Base Hospital
13 since that week. He writes home very frequently but he gives us so little
information about his wound that we are at a loss to understand why he has been
in the hospital so long. Any information or explanation which you can give would
be gratefully received. John is our only son and his father, who is eighty four
years old, is trying to run the farm without him during the war. You can imagine
from this how anxious we are to hear about his condition.
Yours sincerely,
Marion Harmon